If you’ve ever thought about the life of a graduate student in psychology, you might have pictured someone who is asking research participants probing questions about their hidden thoughts, or perhaps someone who is discreetly observing human subjects completing some tasks while taking quick note of their behavior. In reality, we psychology students spend most of our time learning advanced statistical methods and grappling with quantitative analyses of noisy behavioral data that are difficult to interpret. People not familiar with the norms of the field often find it surprising that mathematics plays a central role in psychological research, as they tend to believe that mathematics is more useful for studying natural sciences that are objective and quantifiable, such as physics, than for studying behavioral sciences that are subjective and not amenable to measurement, such as psychology. In fact, psychology can be just as mathematically rigorous as any of the natural sciences, and the use of mathematical tools is vital to gaining a deeper, precise, and more confident understanding of the human mind as compared to – on the other extreme – armchair psychology that oftentimes leads to wishy-washy interpretations of how humans think. Over the past few decades, major theoretical journals in all subfields of psychology have seen a proliferation of research involving cognitive modeling, which is the formalization of human thinking in terms of mathematical, information-processing language. In this part of the two-part series, I’ll introduce the concept of cognitive modeling and explain the differences between cognitive, conceptual, and statistical models. (more…)
Increasing inclusivity one element at a time
Achieving full inclusion for people with disabilities in science, technology, engineering, arts, and mathematics – STEAM – has become a global matter. People with disabilities in STEAM are underrepresented in postsecondary academic environments and the job market. The police killing of George Floyd, an unarmed Black man, in Minneapolis, Minnesota, on May 25th, 2020, was in many ways a catalyst for the global recognition of the need for greater inclusivity. Since then, universities, departments, and individual faculty members have become increasingly committed to improving diversity, inclusivity, and equity (DEI) in academia. (more…)
What makes a joke funny? Part 2
Making others laugh is a tough job, but surely there are a few who have mastered it. So, what is the secret of their success? Is there a formula or a trick to being funny? This blog post tries to answer this question by discussing what psychologists and cognitive scientists (who take humor very seriously :p) have found out. (more…)
Can we climb mountains on neutron stars?
Each year around a thousand people attempt to reach the peak of Mount Everest, which is the tallest mountain on Earth, rising approximately 9 km above sea level. On Mars, the mountain Olympus Mons goes up about 22 km, which more than doubles the height of Mount Everest. Furthermore, Galileo Galilei observed that the Moon also has mountains. What about mountains on other types of astrophysical bodies? How tall are they? Can we climb them? (more…)
What makes a joke funny? Part 1
Have you ever been to a stand-up comedy show and wondered how someone is able to make other people laugh? Or perhaps you were awestruck by how the writer of your favorite comedy show/movie was able to identify exactly what a whole bunch of strangers will find funny? This blog may be able to quench some of that curiosity. (more…)
How rat behavior may inform our understanding of racism
In celebration of Black History Month, please enjoy this post by our Managing Editor, J Wolny.
Researchers use rats to provide evidence that biases in the extension of helping behavior is a product of experience—not genetically ingrained.
Imagine that you wake up in a small room with no doors. You quickly realize that there is no way out. Oh, shoot. Further, you see that there is another individual trapped in a small cylindrical Plexiglas container in the middle of this arena, with barely any room to move. You are not sure what the consequences could be if you go investigate—something could hurt you. Someone may grab you and trap you in a claustrophobia-inducing container as well. The first thought that comes to mind may be the Saw movie series, so you would likely be reluctant. (more…)
Miss Understanding: Debunking misconceptions about vaping
“This isn’t nicotine, it’s just a vape!” Have you heard this before? Well, if you have, you’re probably not the only one. The real question is, is it true? There is so much information online, it’s hard to really know! Turns out, there is also a lot of misinformation about vaping. Lucky for you, kind reader, Miss Understanding (that’s me – hi) is here to debunk a few of the misconceptions surrounding vaping. (more…)
Wakanda Forever: The chemistry of Vibranium
Proceed with caution as there are some movie spoilers here for those who haven’t already seen the Wakanda Forever: Black Panther movie. If you have seen the movie or even read the Marvel comics, then you should be familiar with the powerful element, Vibranium. Vibranium is an element that possesses astonishing chemical and physical properties. So, let’s take a moment to discuss what the big deal is about elements. In the world, everything is made of matter. Matter can be broken down into tiny puzzle pieces called atoms, which make up building blocks called elements. Elements are any pure substance that cannot be decomposed into smaller components by a regular chemical process. Elements are the fundamental materials of which all matter is composed.
What you might not know about keeping animals: Misconceptions about zoos
an Zoos, aquariums, and animal sanctuaries are really important because they support animal conservation, species survival, insightful animal research, and educational programs. However, there’s a lot of misinformation and misconceptions about zoos and animal sanctuaries that animal activists, such as PETA, use in order to deter people from enjoying, learning from, and supporting facilities that house wild animals. Fortunately, there are some easy ways to spot whether a facility that houses and cares for animals is a legitimate source for conservation, research, and animal care, or, if the animals are being exploited for money.
Heart rate variability: What it is and how it relates to mental health
A healthy heart is not a metronome. Even though most of us can follow our heartbeat with ease, in between each heartbeat is a period of time that varies in duration from one beat to the next. This difference in time between any consecutive heartbeat is known as heart rate variability (HRV), and researchers are increasingly using it as a tool to understand mental health.
HRV reflects the delicate balance between two branches of our nervous system, the sympathetic (“fight-or-flight”) and parasympathetic (“rest-and-digest”) arms. These branches operate largely outside of conscious control and function to maintain balance within our body. The interaction between these systems is what keeps us from sweating when we are relaxed, for example, or causes us to sweat when our internal temperature gets too high. In both cases we aren’t consciously deciding whether to sweat or not. Instead, our nervous system is responding appropriately to our environments. (more…)