Emergent Literacy and Alphabet Knowledge

Emergent literacy generally occurs during the first two years of life.  But remember,  chronological ages are very general guidelines and all children develop at their own pace. For more information on the early literacy stages, please visit this previous blog post: https://blogs.iu.edu/earlyliteracy/2023/08/25/early-literacy-developmental-continuum/

Developing alphabet knowledge during the emergent literacy stage focuses on exposure, exploration, and positive interactions. Let’s explore some ways to do this:

1. Read Aloud: Begin reading to children from birth. Choose board books with large, colorful pictures and simple text. As they grow,  point to and name letters and objects in the pictures to reinforce letter names and sounds and vocabulary.
2. Letter Play: Introduce letters in a playful manner. Use alphabet blocks, foam letters, or magnetic letters.  Allow children to touch and explore the letters but always ensure that materials are age appropriate and don’t pose a choking risk.  As children grow, you can provide sensory experiences, such as tracing letters in sand or using finger paint.
3. Letter Recognition: It’s never to early to point out  letters in books, on signs and in the environment. Use alphabet books that highlight each letter with corresponding pictures.  Keep these interactions low key and fun.
4. Alphabet Songs : Sing educational songs that focus on the alphabet.
5. Immersive Experiences: Incorporate letters into daily activities. As children grow,  use foam letters to spell out simple words during water play and bring toddlers’ attention to letters on food packaging during mealtime.
6. Model Reading and Writing: Show children the importance of reading and writing by engaging in these activities yourself. Let children see you reading books and writing notes.
7. Create a Print-Rich Environment: Surround children with printed materials. Posters, labels, and books should be easily accessible. Exposure like this familiarizes children with the written word.

Make learning enjoyable. The goal during emergent literacy is to foster a positive association with language and literacy.

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Lynne Hall, Research Associate,  holds a Master of Science in Education and an Indiana instructional teaching license (Early Childhood Education and Services; Elementary/Primary Generalist; Elementary/Intermediate Generalist). She formerly taught preschool in a variety of settings for over 15 years. Her expertise includes early literacy instruction, equity in early childhood education, and inclusive classroom practices.

Email her at hallma@iu.edu 

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