Love, Language, and Learning: The Role of Relationships in Developing Literacy Skills

While much attention is given to early literacy educational practices and programs, the impact of positive relationships between caregivers and young children on their literacy development cannot be overstated. Positive relationships are the foundation of environments that support early literacy skills to flourish.

Research indicates that the frequency and quality of interactions between caregivers and young children directly correlate with the children’s language acquisition and literacy skills. A 2021 study published in the Journal of Early Childhood Literacy found that children who experienced more frequent, rich verbal interactions with their caregivers had a more extensive vocabulary and better narrative skills by the time they reached kindergarten . Simple acts such as talking, singing, and reading to a child expose them to language, which is critical in the early stages of literacy.

Positive relationships are not just about the quantity of interactions but also the quality. When children feel emotionally secure and supported, they are more likely to engage in learning activities. This sense of security stems from the trust and bond that develop between caregivers and children.

A study from 2022 published in Child Development highlighted that children who experienced a secure attachment with their caregivers were more engaged during reading sessions and showed a greater interest in books. This engagement is crucial because it fosters a love for reading, which is a predictor of future literacy success. Beyond  reading books, engaging activities encompass a range of activities that stimulate language development, such as storytelling, rhyming games, and even casual conversations. Caregivers’ consistency with providing, and enthusiasm while participating in, these activities greatly influence a child’s readiness to read.

A 2023 report by the National Institute for Early Education Research found that children whose caregivers were actively involved in their early literacy experiences were more likely to enter kindergarten with strong reading readiness skills. These skills included letter recognition, phonemic awareness, and the ability to comprehend and retell simple stories.

Another critical aspect of positive caregiver relationships is the incorporation of culturally responsive practices. Recognizing and valuing a child’s cultural background in literacy activities not only strengthens the caregiver-child bond but also enhances children’s engagement and understanding. Recent findings from a 2024 study published in Early Childhood Research Quarterly revealed that when caregivers used culturally relevant materials and incorporated the child’s native language in literacy activities, children demonstrated higher levels of interest and comprehension. This approach not only supports literacy development but also affirms the child’s identity and cultural heritage .

Let’s take a closer look at some strategies to maximize the impact of these positive relationships on children’s early literacy skills acquisition:

1. Establish Consistent Reading Routines: Establish a daily reading routine that becomes a cherished part of the day. This not only builds literacy skills but also strengthens the emotional bond between caregivers and children.
2. Engage in Interactive Reading: Engage children during reading by asking questions, encouraging them to predict what will happen next, and relating the story to their own experiences. This makes reading a more active and enjoyable experience.
3. Use Expressive Language: When talking with children, use expressive language and vary your tone. This keeps children engaged and helps them develop an understanding of the nuances of language.
4. Incorporate Play: Integrate literacy into playtime by using letter blocks, singing alphabet songs, or creating stories together. Playful activities make learning fun and memorable.
5. Embrace Diversity: Include books and literacy activities that reflect all children’s cultural backgrounds and introduce them to new cultures. This fosters an inclusive environment that respects and values diversity.

Positive relationships between caregivers and young children are instrumental in fostering early literacy skills. The emotional security, engagement, and consistent involvement provided by caregivers create a rich environment where literacy can thrive. As recent studies have shown, these nurturing interactions lay the foundation for a lifetime of learning and academic success. By maximizing these relationships, caregivers can help young children develop the literacy skills they need to navigate the world with confidence and curiosity.

Lynne Hall is a research associate at the Indiana Institute on Disability & Community’s Early Childhood Center. She holds a Master of Science in Education and an Indiana instructional teaching license (Early Childhood Education and Services; Elementary/Primary Generalist; Elementary/Intermediate Generalist). She formerly taught preschool in a variety of settings for over 15 years. Her expertise includes early literacy instruction, equity in early childhood education and inclusive classroom practices.

Email her at hallma@iu.edu 

https://www.iidc.indiana.edu/ecc/index.html

 

References:

1. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10566-024-09813-9 Wu, Q., & Hindman, A. H. (2024). The Relations Between Parents’ Beliefs, Parents’ Home Reading Practices, and Their Children’s Literacy Development in Kindergarten. Child & Youth Care Forum.
2. Additional study on parental involvement and children’s literacy
3. Teacher-child relationships and emergent literacy skills
4. A study conducted in Greece explored the impact of teacher-child relationships on children’s literacy development.
5. Research indicates that parents’ involvement in early literacy, particularly through book reading, significantly influences children’s language and literacy development