By: Alexandria Ruschman, Bicentennial Intern, Class of 2021, International Studies and Central Eurasian Studies, IU Bloomington
No matter where you look in history, at any time period or within any group, there are the people who are known. Their names are recognizable; they are the individuals who are remembered.
IU history is no exception—everyone knows the names Wells, Kinsey, and Knight. However, behind every any individual or group success are the multitudes of people putting in the hard work and countless hours; they provide the glue that holds the system together. These invisible figures also have stories are remarkable and important, but are often not told or remembered. Their lives have been buried in the past, but deserve to be uncovered and recognized as historical figures.
As Indiana University approaches its 200th anniversary, it is important to recognize the many individuals that have contributed to the institution’s success. My project hoped to highlight the unknown characters in the institution’s narrative.
I compiled a list of eight individuals whose stories and contributions ranged from being an IMU page, working in the food department, or working as volunteer. We wish to highlight their experiences and personal connections to the Indiana Memorial Union as well as their lives following their time spent at Indiana University, to emphasize not only the lasting effect these individuals had on the IMU, but how the IMU impacted them as well.
Emerson Elkins
In 2006, as construction workers tore down an Indiana Memorial Union gallery wall constructed in the 1940’s, they found few out-of-place items including an old Coke bottle and hotel keys. But most importantly, there was a sealed letter addressed to the director of the IMU from a man named Emerson Elkins.[1]
While studying as a full-time student during the 1930’s at Indiana University, Emerson Elkins became a page at the Indiana Memorial Union to supplement his income. One quiet morning, during some down time between shifts, Elkins took hold of one of the Memorial Union typewriters, and, “for no particular purpose,” started to type a letter.
In this two-page document, Emerson casually discussed current events of 1939, such as who the director of the IMU was, the Axis power’s progress in World War II, FDR’s struggles working with Congress, and even the announcement of the actress to play Scarlet O’ Hara in a big Hollywood production. Emerson abruptly ends his letter with an apology that he has to return to his work, stating, “Is that all right with you Director?”[2]
Emerson Elkins’ letter was written “for no particular purpose” on Sunday, January 15, 1939 in the IMU Gallery and was placed inside the renovated wall of the men’s lounge with, “the off chance that it will be discovered while the place is undergoing repairs sometime in the future.”[3] His letter sat untouched in the wall for almost 70 years.
Elkins went on to graduate from IU in 1940 and enlisted in the military. During his deployment he served in the Army Air Corps, received the rank of a major, and later was involved in the Vietnam War, to which he received a medal of honor from President Nixon in 1968. Elkins died in 1993 at the age of 75.
Elkins did not have any children; when his letter went public, his niece, who had come across the story, decided to send Elkins’ last belongings, including his military service award, and photos from his life to the IMU. This has allowed us to learn about the man who mysteriously left a letter in the walls of the IMU now almost 80 years ago.
Eugene “Gene” Fletchall
Eugene D. Fletchall, born August 19, 1908, attended Indiana University during the late 1920’s and early 1930’s. As a student, he was highly involved in the Bloomington community, working as the first president of the Indiana Memorial Union Board from 1933 to 1934, the president of the Interfraternity Council, and the president of his own fraternity, Phi Gamma Delta.
After graduating in 1934 with a degree in law, Fletchall became successful working in Chicago at Swift & Co., becoming Executive Vice President in 1955; he retired in 1972.[4] Even while he was working, Fletchall continued to give back to his alma mater; in 1969 he and his wife, Jane Fletchall, created a fellowship in his name at the IU law school.
Fletchall also became greatly involved with the Indiana Alumni Association and served as president from 1963-1964.[5] Retirement didn’t stop Fletchall from continuing his philanthropic work. After retiring in 1972, Fletchall returned as a full-time volunteer to IU, working with the IU Foundation, and, returning to his days as a student, the Indiana Memorial Union.[6]
Known for his compassion and vivacious spirit, Gene’s love for Indiana University was obvious.
During his time working as a volunteer at IU, he greatly advanced the betterment of the community by establishing the Union Board Scholarship, the John Whittenberg Society Endowment Fund, and the IMU Art Guild. As a result of his contributions, IU Bloomington residents are able to enjoy the Commemorative IMU Garden, the many works preserved by the Art Guild, and the annual scholarship granted to further student volunteers with the Union Board.[7]
In 1969, Fletchall was granted the Distinguished Alumni Service Award by the IU Alumni Association and was honored as an Academy of Law Alumni Fellow from the IU law school in 1996.
He died ten years later on February 1, 2006.
Fletchall’s support and dedication to Indiana University was commemorated by renaming the Union Board room in the IMU’s activity tower in his name.
Martha McBride
Martha McBride first arrived at Indiana University in 1934 as the dietitian for Indiana University’s residence halls. After a period of time working at the University of Michigan she resumed her position at IU in the 1950’s.
Her role was to manage the six food service units within Indiana University’s residence halls, with almost 15,000 meals per day being served to students.[8] McBride was assisted by a trained food manager who was responsible for a single residence hall’s food production, a production manager who oversaw food preparation, selection, and ordering, and general workers who monitored kitchen employees and dining halls. However, all operations and individuals answered to Martha McBride.[9]
McBride often encouraged young women to pursue a career in dietetics, and, quoting her own success, stated, “The field has an acute shortage now and is steadily expanding…Women trained for the career,” she added, “are in great demand to head the dietary services of industrial plants, hospitals, tea rooms, college dormitories and union buildings.”[10]
With this, McBride sponsored internships in dietetics through the American Dietetic Association, giving young women opportunities for valuable experience in the field.
McBride helped and encouraged young women to complete college and leave with experience in a suitable livelihood that could allow them to quickly rise to an administrative position.[11]
Later in her life, McBride joined the American Red Cross nutrition service, serving as an assistant club director during World War II in the North African theater. In 1955, McBride was named the president of the Indiana Dietetic Association.[12]
Helen Whitfield
On March 18, 1942, Helen Whitfield was named the food manager of the IMU, taking over for Cena Olmstead, who had left to work for the University of Illinois.[13] Whitfield was a former IU student and prior to this position had previous experience as the union’s foods department manager.
In this role, Whitfield oversaw all cafeteria and dining areas within the Indiana Memorial Union. Before returning to IU, she worked for the Marshall Field & Company in Chicago, then for five years worked in the food service department of William H. Block Company in Indianapolis. The last three of those years she acted as the assistant manager.[14]
‘In her role, Whitfield oversaw seven private rooms, Alumni Hall, the IMU cafeteria, Men’s Grill, and soda shop, with pre-war staff being made up of 45 full time and 120 part time workers.[15] In her duties as the IMU food manager, Whitfield kept constant correspondence with administrative members such as the director of the IMU Service Enterprises, H. W. Jordan and W. G. Biddle. Communications regarding large-scale IMU events, matters concerning the employees, or just simply concerns over high-ranking residents of the hotel made up the majority of the correspondences.
Whitfield’s widely encompassing responsibilities gave her control over all food processes and interactions within the IMU. She was in charge of taking and keeping track of inventory, event planning, including assembling decorations and the entertainment, as well as being the chief over IMU food department employees. In her correspondences, Whitfield had clear command and a role in discussions of employee paychecks, schedules, raises, vacation times, or firings—all which had to go through her before being sent off to her superiors Mr. Jordan and Mr. Biddle.[16]
Other crucial roles carried out by Whitfield included management of revenues yielded from different IMU food departments and keeping track of monthly expenditures and food budgets through expenses reports. In only January 1944, 96,525 people were served by the Indiana Memorial Union food department; revenue was $22,683.[17] In terms of yearly salaries, in the 1943-1944 work year Whitefield earned $3,300.[18]
Helen Whitfield resigned in 1948 due to a doctor’s recommendation of a change of environment and a lower-intensity job,[19] but her six years of work for the Indiana Memorial Union food department would make her one of the more recorded food department employees in the IMU history.
Alta L. Hummel
Alta Long Hummel graduated from the Presbyterian Hospital School of Nursing and Pennsylvania State College with a B.S. degree in institutional administration and an M.S. in food and nutrition in 1938. Hummel worked at Pennsylvania State College as an instructor in institution and hotel administration for five years before coming to work at Indiana University. When Helen Whitfield was placed on permanent medical leave, Hummel stepped into that role.
She was given the task of preparing and serving more than 2,500 meals a day to IU students and staff.[20] Working as the food manager, Hummel, with IMU Director L.C. Smith, helped revise union cafeteria food prices through food cost studies to reflect market conditions. These adjustments were to ensure that the cost of each food item was just in proportion to the item; meat and milk increased in prices while substitutes and side items decreased.
After leaving IU, Hummel became a dietitian at Richmond State Hospital and was a member of professional dietary organizations such as the American Dietetic Association and the National Restaurant Association.[21] In 1959, Hummel accepted the Food Service Award presented to the Richmond State Hospital by the National Restaurant Association, an award which had been presented to other high-ranking food service companies from around the world.[22]
Later in life, she became a restaurant manager in Wisconsin, a position rarely held by women at this time.
Alice M. Nelson
During the 1930’s at Indiana University, the Great Depression hit the campus community hard. Many students during this time struggled to pay their tuition, and some even feared that they would have to leave IU. In this time of hardship, Alice Nelson, an IU dietitian, was their saving grace.[23]
Nelson began her work at Indiana University in 1920 after being transferred from the University of Chicago on a loan-out. Upon her arrival, she was put in charge of a residence hall which housed 151 students[24] and was $800 dollars in debt.
Within no time, the hall was out of debt and up $1,100, and within a few years Nelson climbed the ranks to position of Director of Halls and Residences at IU.[25] Those around her often described Alice as someone who ruled with a firm hand, was straight-forward, and frank, yet also had a large spirit and voice; a woman who could not be stopped. During the Great Depression she is said to have rescued students by taking them under her wing and giving them work in her kitchen, doing small jobs such as busing, dish-washing, and waiting tables.
If a student, whether male or female, came to her for help, she was always ready to help as long as they were ready to get to work. One former student recalled that in his job as a dishwasher he would find up to a dollar’s worth of loose change during each shift. “Without that job, I wouldn’t have made it.”[26]
In 1933, when President Roosevelt instituted a bank moratorium, limiting the amount of circulating cash, Alice Nelson instituted a policy of her own. Under her own co-op dining room program, students were able to work while receiving two meals a day for $1.50 a week, $2.00 less than the university’s prices,[27] and in this program, for under $5 a week, a student could have 12 meals and pay their own rent.[28]
Nelson was also known to be a passionate supporter of students’ academic progress and livelihoods. She fought to make the students as comfortable as possible, wanting to create the best learning environment so that she could, “expect them to make A’s.” [29] She believed strongly that each student should have their own desk, so it became a standard item in all dorm rooms.[30]
During the Depression, Nelson also provided space in her basement for students unable to pay for housing along with tuition. Alice Nelson’s generosity and love for her students made it possible for many of her students to make it through college and go on to live successful lives, one becoming a lawyer, another the governor of Indiana.[31]
When she wasn’t around, students referred to her as “Big Alice,” “Apple Alice,” the IU “Landlady,” “Mrs. I.U.,” and even “Queen Alice,” the dormitories of IU being her kingdom.
Individuals and university authorities who dealt with Alice Nelson and were surprised to be greeted with her directness and determination gave her the title “the damn Mrs. Nelson,” and, in her interactions with the US Army during their stay at IU, the “General.”[32]
Along with making Indiana University the first college to build with bond payments in 1923,[33] Nelson instituted many reforms to IU’s dormitories, some a result of adaptions that were made during WWII, one of which being co-ed dormitories. Nelson’s take on it was, “I think it is silly to spend all your money to put the girls on one side of the campus and the boys on the other…”
As a result, it is said there was better behavior from both boys and girls, more joint-studying and interaction, and contributed to a better community overall.[34] During the war, Indiana University hosted US Army officials and soldiers, housing them in campus dormitories during their stay. Due to this, students had to be temporarily moved to the Biddle Hotel in the Indiana Memorial Union. During this time, Nelson would have had correspondence and been in communication with the IMU food department to facilitate students from residence halls that Nelson had authority over.
Nelson’s reputation made her a sought-after employee by other institutions. When Chicago University, her former employer, sent an offer for her return, then IU president William Lowe Bryan pledged to top anything Chicago would offer Nelson, a pledge he apparently had to meet three times in one week.[35] The Indianapolis Star stated on the first page of their October 25, 1947 edition, “Alice Nelson…firmly but kindly she performs a man-sized job.”[36]
Herman B Wells referred to her attitude, determination, and candor as assets, and when talking about her, said, “One of the greatest hazards of a job like this…is the danger of feeling omnipotent. And also the fact that those are you treat you as if you were omnipotent,” however, “Mrs. Nelson never contributed to this hazard.”[37]
In 1967, at the age of 72, Alice Nelson was “flabbergasted” when IU officials presented her with the Distinguished Alumni Service Award.[38] On August 7, 1984, the Board of Trustees approved the renaming of the Halls of Residence building to be the Alice M. Nelson Halls of Residence Administration Building.[39]
Managing at one time more than 1,000 employees, 600 of those being students, and serving more than 28,000 meals a day, while holding this position for 45 years until her required retirement at 70 years old,[40] Wells justly called her “a master in her field.” [41]
James E. Patrick
While a student at IU, James Patrick was directly involved with the Indiana Memorial Union, serving as the director from 1936-1940, having previously spent six years as the assistant director. Patrick first came to IU in 1926 as a student with $80 in his pocket and left as an Indiana University graduate in 1941 with a B.S degree from the IU Business School and later received an honorary Doctor of Laws degree.[42]
After leaving IU, Patrick moved to Arizona in 1942, where he would make a name for himself in American business and leave his mark in terms of banking innovations. Patrick first worked for the AiResearch Manufacturing Company and then in 1945 for the Valley National Bank as its personnel director.
While working for the bank, he later moved up to the position of vice president, then in 1962 was named the president. Patrick was chosen as ‘Man of the Year’ by City of Hope Hospital in Phoenix, Arizona in 1960.[43]
How did he do it? Patrick told the Columbus Herald in 1965 that the secret to success is to “Carry Your Share of Load.”[44] Patrick spoke highly of civic and community, saying, “Part of being a good citizen is carrying your proper share of civic responsibility.”
For his whole life, Patrick had been involved and hands-on within his community. As a kid, he was involved in Boy Scouts and during the summers worked for a local bakery, to which he gave part of the credit for contributing to his attitude towards life. His philosophy was that a person should, “leave things better than he found them.”
Patrick was also known to believe that every person could make a difference, and that their work mattered, saying ‘there are no such things as “little people”’[45] and for a person to become successful, they must have a mix of ambition and reality, backed by solid preparation.
Even as he was almost 1,700 miles away, Patrick continued to be an active IU supporter and remained involved with his alma mater. He actively participated on the advisory board of the IU Business School, Business Horizons,[46] contributed to a million-dollar Boy Scout camp, and headed funding for Prescott College in Arizona.
When speaking about his time as an undergraduate at IU, Patrick described the sensation of graduating college at the onset of the Great Depression, “[We were assured] that after years of unprecedented prosperity in the 1920’s, the business world was eagerly awaiting us with jobs. We graduated in 1930 in an atmosphere as uncertain and ominous as a breaking thunderstorm of modern times.”[47]
Speaking to the IU class of 1970, Patrick juxtaposed his personal experiences with the developments facing current students, “Instead of chasing freshmen burning bridges, they chase elusive ideas. The long hair and bare feet shouldn’t fool anyone. They are the same scared hopeful people of the past,” stating they might, “face an even more cataclysmic future.”[48]
In 1965, Indiana University honored James E. Patrick with the Distinguished Alumni Service Award.[49]
Claude Rich
Claude Rich has a rich history of involvement with Indiana University beginning as a student in 1924. Immediately after graduation in 1929, Rich worked for Indiana University as an alumni field secretary; he would continue to be involved with the alumni community for the rest of his life. From 1944 until 1947 Rich worked as a sales director for the Indianapolis Union Title company,[50] one of his only positions that didn’t involve Indiana University.
On January 1, 1948, Rich was appointed as secretary for the Alumni Association, which involved overseeing activities and duties while working with almost 75,000 alumni. Because of his extensive experience and dedication, Claude Rich was well-known among the alumni community.
In his other roles at Indiana University, Rich operated as the acting director of the Indiana Memorial Union from 1943-1944. While holding this position, Rich was responsible for the staff, which at the time included a secretary, social secretary, bookkeeper, reservation clerk, four desk clerks, four janitors, five maids, four elevator boys, four pages, and 10-12 part-time student workers, and all of the food department.[51]
Separate from his work in Bloomington, Rich also participated in the Indianapolis Chamber of Commerce as the chairman of the athletic committee, as well as the president of the IU alumni club in Indianapolis.
In total, Rich spent 44 years working for Indiana University. His roles included alumni secretary, the Indiana General Assembly liaison officer, the director of university relations, and director of the IU Sesquicentennial.
Rich even worked three of these full-time jobs at the same time. Upon his retirement in 1976, due to his work with alumni and his dedication to the university, Rich received the American Alumni Association’s Award. This is a nationally recognized honor which only 1% of alumni secretaries in North America receive.[52] Rich, along with being one of the best- known alumni secretaries in the US, was also known for his positive attitude and naturally friendly demeanor.
In 1981 the Claude Rich Fund for Excellence in Teaching award was created at Indiana University Kokomo. This award is to be given to a professor exemplifying quality teaching and instruction and is based on the belief that an excellent university is one that attracts students with its esteemed schooling and programs.[53] In discussing the naming dedication to Rich, IU Kokomo’s chancellor, Hugh Thompson, commented that this honor paid tribute to Rich nicely, because his, “Dedicated service and outstanding professional achievement typify the character associated with excellence.”[54] These characteristics and values gave Rich the well-deserved nickname, “Mr. IU.”
Bibliography
Emerson Elkins
Elkins, Emerson. “To the Director of the Memorial Union.” 15 Jan. 1939.
Kellams, Dina. “Throwback Thursday: A voice from 1939.” Blogging Hoosier History. Indiana University Archives, Indiana University Bloomington. 16 Jan. 2014. https://blogs.libraries.indiana.edu/iubarchives/2014/01/16/tbtelkins/. 16 Oct. 2018.
Eugene Fletchall
Digital Repository at Maurer Law. “Union Board Suffers Great Loss.” The Herald-Times [Bloomington, IN], 3 Feb. 2006, p. 6, 7.
“Eugene Fletchall.” Palladium-Item [Richmond, Wayne, IN], 9 Sep 1950, P. 13
“Head I.U. Alumni.” The Indianapolis Star, 4 Jun 1962, P. 14
“Eugene Dalton Fletchall.” The Indianapolis Star, 12 Jun 1967, [First Edition], P. 16
Martha McBride
“Dietitian at I.U. Named State Association Head.” The Indianapolis News, 8 Nov 1955, P. 20
“Dietitians in Demand Now.” The Republic [Columbus, Bartholomew, IN], 4 Aug 1954, P. 3
“State Dietetic Group Plans Spring Session.” The Indianapolis Star, 8 Apr 1956, P. 77
“How Would You Like to Serve 15,000 Meals a Day? That’s One Woman’s Job at Indiana University.” The Times [Munster, IN], 8 Jan 1956, P. 28
“Dietetics Course Being Offered at Indiana University.” The Kokomo Tribune [Kokomo, Howard, IN], 4 Aug 1954, P. 26
Alice Nelson
Power, Fremont. “Thanks a Lot, Alice Nelson.” The Indianapolis News, 15 May 1978, Other Editions. P. 2.
Power, Fremont. “Queen Alice Gave Them Rice, Mops.” The Indianapolis News, 5 Jul 1967, Other Editions, P. 2
“Rites Saturday For Alice Nelson of I.U.” The Indianapolis News, 11 May 1978, Main Edition, P. 46
Holmes, Leila. “I.U. Campus Termed Measure of Mrs. Nelson’s Accomplishment.” The Indianapolis Star, 1 Dec 1963, [First Edition], p. 88
Myers, Hortense. “Mrs. Nelson Retires as IU Landlady.” The Republic [Columbus, Bartholomew, IN], 30 Jun 1965, P. 6
Myers, Hortense. “I.U. ‘Landlady’ to Retire.” Logansport Pharos-Tribune [Logansport, Cass, IN], 29 Jun 1965, P. 7
“Friendliness Permeates at Indiana.” The Hammond Times [Munster, IN], 22 Oct 1950, P. 27
McKesson, Jon. “Alumni Service Medal Flabbergasts ‘Mrs. I.U.’” The Indianapolis Star, 20 Jun 1967, [First Edition], P. 8
Power, Fremont. “’Queen Alice.’” The Indianapolis News, 25 Oct 1947, P. 11
“I.U. Senior Protests Dormitory Change.” The Indianapolis Star, 19 Jun 1963, P. 29
Helen Whitfield
“Kokomo Woman Heads I.U. Union Food Department.” The Kokomo Tribune [Kokomo, Howard, IN], 25 Aug 1947, P. 14
“Helen Whitfield Named I.U. Food Manager.” The Indianapolis Star, 18 Mar 1942, P. 21
“Miss Helen Whitfield Named to I.U. Post.” The Indianapolis Star, 13 Jun 1946, P. 13
“Indiana Food Department 1943-44 Budget.” Indiana University Auxiliary Service Records, 1932-1995 Bulk 1940-1991, Indiana University Archives, C178, Box 3, Files for Fiscal Year, 1943-1944, Bloomington, Indiana.
“Customer Count and Revenue Indiana Union Food Department.” Indiana University Auxiliary Service Records, 1932-1995 Bulk 1940-1991, Indiana University Archives, C178, Box 3, Indiana Union Food Department, Bloomington, Indiana.
Indiana University Auxiliary Service Records, 1932-1995 Bulk 1940-1991, Indiana University Archives, C178, Box 3, IMU General Correspondence, Bloomington, Indiana.
Whitfield, Helen. Letter to Mr. H. W. Jordan. 18 May 1948. Indiana University Auxiliary Service Records 1932-1995, Bulk 1940-1991, Indiana University Archives, C178, Box 7, IMU Miscellaneous, Bloomington, Indiana.
Alta L. Hummel
“State Hospital Wins Food Service Award.” Palladium-Item [Richmond, Wayne, IN], 15 May 1959, Other Editions, P. 9
“Appointed Dietitian at State Hospital.” Palladium-Item [Richmond, Wayne, IN] 13 Aug 1954, Main Edition, P. 5
“Attend Dietetic Meeting.” Palladium-Item [Richmond, Wayne, IN], 26 Apr 1959, Main Edition, P. 10
“Hummelstown.” Lebanon Daily News [Lebanon, PN] 22 Jul 1948, P. 5
James E. Patrick
“James E. Patrick.” The Indianapolis Star, 15 Feb 1970, [First Edition], P. 162
Lee, Larry. “Patrick’s Success ‘Secret’: Carry Your Share of the Load.” The Columbus Herald [Columbus, Bartholomew, IN], 18 Jun 1965, P.1.
“IU Award to Honor Patrick” The Columbus Herald [Columbus, Bartholomew, IN], 11 June 1965, P. 5
Claude Rich
“I.U. Grads Will Banquet May 6.” The Times [Hammond, Lake, IN], 25 Apr. 1940, p.13.
“Claude T. Rich Bloomington.” The Republic [Columbus, Bartholomew, IN] 12 Feb 1999, P. 9
“Claude Rich Retires.” The Kokomo Tribune [Kokomo, Howard, IN], 13 Nov 1974, P. 4.
“Claude Rich, IU Alumni Association Ex-Secretary.” Journal and Courier [Lafayette, Tippecanoe, IN], 12 Feb 1999, P. 18.
McKesson, D. Jon. “Claude Rich to Resign as I.U. Alumni Secretary.” The Indianapolis Star. 1 May 1968, [First Edition], P. 6
“Claude T. Rich Resigns Indiana University Post.” The Kokomo Tribune [Kokomo, Howard, IN], 12 Nov 1974, P. 12
“Claude T. Rich Appointed Alumni Secretary at Indiana University.” The Kokomo Tribune [Kokomo, Howard, IN] ,15 Dec 1947, P. 1
“The Claude Rich Fund.” The Kokomo Tribune [Kokomo, Howard, IN], 28 Sep 1981, P.5
“Rich Named I.U. Relations Director.” The Indianapolis News, 26 Aug 1970, Main Edition, P. 3
Simborg, Phyllis. “Campus Center.” 1933-1934? Indiana University Auxiliary Service Records, 1932-1995 Bulk 1940-1991, Indiana University Archives, C178, Box 3, IMU Miscellaneous, Bloomington, Indiana.
Notes
[1]Kellams, Dina. “Throwback Thursday: A voice from 1939.” Blogging Hoosier History. Indiana University Archives, Indiana University Bloomington. 16 Jan. 2014. https://blogs.libraries.indiana.edu/iubarchives/2014/01/16/tbtelkins/. 16 Oct. 2018.
[2] Elkins, Emerson. “To the Director of the Memorial Union.” 15 Jan. 1939.
[3] Elkins, Emerson. “To the Director of the Memorial Union.” 15 Jan. 1939.
[4] “Eugene Dalton Fletchall.” The Indianapolis Star, 12 Jun 1967, [First Edition], P. 16
[5] “Eugene Dalton Fletchall.” The Indianapolis Star, 12 Jun 1967, [First Edition], P. 16
[6] Digital Repository at Maurer Law. “Union Board Suffers Great Loss.” The Herald-Times [Bloomington, IN], 3 Feb. 2006, p. 6, 7.
[7] Digital Repository at Maurer Law. “Union Board Suffers Great Loss.” The Herald-Times [Bloomington, IN], 3 Feb. 2006, p. 6, 7.
[8] “Dietitian at I.U. Named State Association Head.” The Indianapolis News, 8 Nov 1955, P. 20
[9] “How Would You Like to Serve 15,000 Meals a Day? That’s One Woman’s Job at Indiana University.” The Times [Munster, IN], 8 Jan 1956, P. 28
[10] “Dietitians in Demand Now.” The Republic [Columbus, Bartholomew, IN], 4 Aug 1954, P. 3
[11] “Dietetics Course Being Offered at Indiana University.” The Kokomo Tribune [Kokomo, Howard, IN], 4 Aug 1954, P. 26
[12] “Dietitian at I.U. Named State Association Head.” The Indianapolis News, 8 Nov 1955, P. 20
[13] “Helen Whitfield Named I.U. Food Manager.” The Indianapolis Star, 18 Mar 1942, P. 21
[14] “Miss Helen Whitfield Named to I.U. Post.” The Indianapolis Star, 13 Jun 1946, P. 13
[15] Simborg, Phyllis. “Campus Center.” 1933-1934? Indiana University Auxiliary Service Records, 1932-1995 Bulk 1940-1991, Indiana University Archives, C178, Box 3, IMU Miscellaneous, Bloomington, Indiana.
[16] Indiana University Auxiliary Service Records, 1932-1995 Bulk 1940-1991, Indiana University Archives, C178, Box 3, IMU General Correspondence, Bloomington, Indiana.
[17] “Customer Count and Revenue Indiana Union Food Department.” Indiana University Auxiliary Service Records, 1932-1995 Bulk 1940-1991, Indiana University Archives, C178, Box 3, Indiana Union Food Department, Bloomington, Indiana.
[18] “Indiana Food Department 1943-44 Budget.” Indiana University Auxiliary Service Records, 1932-1995 Bulk 1940-1991, Indiana University Archives, C178, Box 3, Files for Fiscal Year, 1943-1944, Bloomington, Indiana.
[19] Whitfield, Helen. Letter to Mr. H. W. Jordan. 18 May 1948. Indiana University Auxiliary Service Records 1932-1995, Bulk 1940-1991, Indiana University Archives, C178, Box 7, IMU Miscellaneous, Bloomington, Indiana.
[20] “Hummelstown.” Lebanon Daily News [Lebanon, PN] 22 Jul 1948, P. 5
[21] “Appointed Dietitian at State Hospital.” Palladium-Item [Richmond, Wayne, IN] 13 Aug 1954, Main Edition, P. 5
[22] “State Hospital Wins Food Service Award.” Palladium-Item [Richmond, Wayne, IN], 15 May 1959, Other Editions, P. 9
[23] Power, Fremont. “Thanks a Lot, Alice Nelson.” The Indianapolis News, 15 May 1978, Other Editions. P. 2.
[24] Myers, Hortense. “I.U. ‘Landlady’ to Retire.” Logansport Pharos-Tribune [Logansport, Cass, IN], 29 Jun 1965, P. 7
[25] McKesson, Jon. “Alumni Service Medal Flabbergasts ‘Mrs. I.U.’” The Indianapolis Star, 20 Jun 1967, [First Edition], P. 8
[26] Power, Fremont. “Thanks a Lot, Alice Nelson.” The Indianapolis News, 15 May 1978, Other Editions. P. 2.
[27] Power, Fremont. “Queen Alice Gave Them Rice, Mops.” The Indianapolis News, 5 Jul 1967, Other Editions, P. 2
[28] Power, Fremont. “’Queen Alice.’” The Indianapolis News, 25 Oct 1947, P. 11
[29] Holmes, Leila. “I.U. Campus Termed Measure of Mrs. Nelson’s Accomplishment.” The Indianapolis Star, 1 Dec 1963, [First Edition], p. 88
[30] Power, Fremont. “’Queen Alice.’” The Indianapolis News, 25 Oct 1947, P. 11
[31] Power, Fremont. “Thanks a Lot, Alice Nelson.” The Indianapolis News, 15 May 1978, Other Editions. P. 2.
[32] Power, Fremont. “’Queen Alice.’” The Indianapolis News, 25 Oct 1947, P. 11
[33] Holmes, Leila. “I.U. Campus Termed Measure of Mrs. Nelson’s Accomplishment.” The Indianapolis Star, 1 Dec 1963, [First Edition], p. 88
[34] Myers, Hortense. “I.U. ‘Landlady’ to Retire.” Logansport Pharos-Tribune [Logansport, Cass, IN], 29 Jun 1965, P. 7
[35] Power, Fremont. “’Queen Alice.’” The Indianapolis News, 25 Oct 1947, P. 11
[36] Power, Fremont. “’Queen Alice.’” The Indianapolis News, 25 Oct 1947, P. 11
[37] Power, Fremont. “’Queen Alice.’” The Indianapolis News, 25 Oct 1947, P. 11
[38] McKesson, Jon. “Alumni Service Medal Flabbergasts ‘Mrs. I.U.’” The Indianapolis Star, 20 Jun 1967, [First Edition], P. 8
[39] Call to Order, Indiana University Board of Trustee minutes, 02 March 1985, Indiana University Archives, Bloomington
[40] Holmes, Leila. “I.U. Campus Termed Measure of Mrs. Nelson’s Accomplishment.” The Indianapolis Star, 1 Dec 1963, [First Edition], p. 88
[41] “Rites Saturday For Alice Nelson of I.U.” The Indianapolis News, 11 May 1978, Main Edition, P. 46
[42] “James E. Patrick.” The Indianapolis Star, 15 Feb 1970, [First Edition], P. 162
[43] “IU Award to Honor Patrick” The Columbus Herald [Columbus, Bartholomew, IN], 11 Jun 1965, P. 5
[44] Lee, Larry. “Patrick’s Success ‘Secret’: Carry Your Share of the Load.” The Columbus Herald [Columbus, Bartholomew, IN], 18 Jun 1965, P.1.
[45] Lee, Larry. “Patrick’s Success ‘Secret’: Carry Your Share of the Load.” The Columbus Herald [Columbus, Bartholomew, IN], 18 Jun 1965, P.1.
[46] “IU Award to Honor Patrick” The Columbus Herald [Columbus, Bartholomew, IN], 11 Jun 1965, P. 5
[47] “James E. Patrick.” The Indianapolis Star, 15 Feb 1970, [First Edition], P. 162
[48] “James E. Patrick.” The Indianapolis Star, 15 Feb 1970, [First Edition], P. 162
[49] “IU Award to Honor Patrick” The Columbus Herald [Columbus, Bartholomew, IN], 11 Jun 1965, P. 5
[50] “Claude T. Rich Appointed Alumni Secretary at Indiana University.” The Kokomo Tribune [Kokomo, Howard, IN], 15 Dec 1947, P. 1
[51] Simborg, Phyllis. “Campus Center.” 1933-1934? Indiana University Auxiliary Service Records, 1932-1995 Bulk 1940-1991, Indiana University Archives, C178, Box 3, IMU Miscellaneous, Bloomington, Indiana.
[52] “The Claude Rich Fund.” The Kokomo Tribune [Kokomo, Howard, IN], 28 Sep 1981, P. 5
[53] http://www.iuk.edu/academic-affairs/faculty-resources/claude-rich-award.php
[54] “The Claude Rich Fund.” The Kokomo Tribune [Kokomo, Howard, IN], 28 Sep 1981, P. 5